A scintillation theory of fading in long distance HF ionospheric communications

Physics

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Communication Theory, Ionospheric Propagation, Scintillation, Signal Fading, Transhorizon Radio Propagation, Atmospheric Models, F Region, Incident Radiation, Maximum Usable Frequency, Spread F, Time Response

Scientific paper

In the present consideration of the fading of radio waves returned at oblique incidence from the ionospheric F-region in the HF band, in light of scintillation theory, emphasis is given to behavior near the maximum usable frequency for one-hop F-transmission over distances of up to 4000 km. Estimates are presented for long and short term fluctuations of phase, the fading correlation distance, the quasi-period of fading, the twinkling correlation distance, the quasi-period of twinkling, the angular departure of the azimuth from the mean, and the correlation bandwidth. Theoretical estimates of the scintillation parameters are compared with experience in long distance HF ionospheric communications over the last 60 years.

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