A precise formulation of the third law of thermodynamics

Details A precise formulation of the third law of thermodynamics A precise formulation of the third law of thermodynamics

2007-10-25

arxiv.org/abs/0710.4918v3

Physics

Mathematical Physics

24 pages, no figures

Scientific paper

The third law of thermodynamics is formulated precisely: all points of the state space of zero temperature $\Gamma_0$ are physically adiabatically inaccessible from the state space of a simple system. In addition to implying the unattainability of absolute zero in finite time (or "by a finite number of operations"), it admits as corollary, under a continuity assumption, that all points of $\Gamma_0$ are adiabatically equivalent. We argue that the third law is universally valid for all macroscopic systems which obey the laws of quantum mechanics and/or quantum field theory. We also briefly discuss why a precise formulation of the third law for black holes remains an open problem.

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