A New Approach to Mapping, Visualization, and Morphological Classification of Small Bodies

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

We present a systematic approach to interpreting asteroid shape and surface morphology using Constant Scale Natural Boundary (CSNB) map projection applied to Deimos, Phobos, Eros, and Ida. With the CSNB projection, the ridges and troughs, `event horizons’ acting as encoders of asteroid history, can be prominently featured as map edges at constant scale. By contrast, simple cylindrical and mercator maps, although familiar and instantly orientating, produce great distortions, particularly for irregular objects. CSNB projection combines the best features of 3D mosaics and conformal maps, emphasizing highly irregular faceted shape in one view, without distortion, on a flat map. CSNB maps are designed to be conformal for antipodal areas and to preserve proportions in map interiors. For consistency and orientation, we locate the blunt `nose’ in the center of all maps in the equatorial plane, because most asteroids are elongated along the equatorial axis, and the blunt nose is a recognizable feature, but less morphologically complex than the `sharp’ end. The external boundaries then become the ridges connecting `peaks', which typically run parallel to the equator, and troughs connecting `basins', which typically separate the promontories. Three maps, two ridge-bound and one trough-bound, exist for each object. Segmented maps show separation of the surface into geodesic `facets', preserve resolution, and fold to a 3D facsimile of the asteroid. Connected maps are compact and preserve orientation. Morphological parameters manifested in CSNB map shape include E/W and N/S distribution of segments, roughness of boundaries associated with each segment, and aspect ratio for segmented map. Based on comparison of these parameters, Phobos has considerably greater asymmetry in E/W and N/S directions, has a higher aspect ratio, and is considerably rougher than Deimos.

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