Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
1996-05-29
Physics
Quantum Physics
8 pages, single postscript file. This is an updated version of a paper that was originally presented at STOC 1996. The algorit
Scientific paper
Imagine a phone directory containing N names arranged in completely random order. In order to find someone's phone number with a 50% probability, any classical algorithm (whether deterministic or probabilistic) will need to look at a minimum of N/2 names. Quantum mechanical systems can be in a superposition of states and simultaneously examine multiple names. By properly adjusting the phases of various operations, successful computations reinforce each other while others interfere randomly. As a result, the desired phone number can be obtained in only O(sqrt(N)) steps. The algorithm is within a small constant factor of the fastest possible quantum mechanical algorithm.
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