A Directional and Latitude Survey of Cosmic Rays at High Altitudes

Details A Directional and Latitude Survey of Cosmic Rays at High Altitudes A Directional and Latitude Survey of Cosmic Rays at High Altitudes

Aug 1950

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1950phrv...79..656w&link_type=abstract

Physical Review, vol. 79, Issue 4, pp. 656-669

Physics

62

Scientific paper

The directional distribution of cosmic rays at atmospheric depths of 15 to 25 g/cm2 has been measured with large counter telescopes carried by constant-level plastic balloons at geomagnetic latitudes of 0°, 20°, 30°, and 40°. From the vertical flux measurements an energy spectrum for primary protons is obtained which has the form N(E)=0.27E1.9, where N(E) is the number of particles in unit energy range at the energy E. The corresponding formula for primaries consisting entirely of alpha-particles is N(E)=0.32E1.81. The power law can be fitted between about 1 and 14 Bev, but there is good evidence that the spectrum flattens out below 1 Bev and becomes steeper at high energies. The total incident energy calculated under the assumption that the measured flux at 15 g/cm2 consists of primaries is two times greater than the total incident energy appearing as atmospheric ionization. The east-west asymmetry values reach a maximum of 0.53+/-0.05 at the equator and decrease to 0.24+/-0.09 at 40° geomagnetic latitude. The asymmetry to be expected from the latitude effect if all primaries are positive, reaches 1.20 at the equator, and at all latitudes and zenith angles is considerably higher than the observed asymmetry. It is not possible to decide on the basis of the present experiments whether this discrepancy arises from atmospheric effects or from a sizable fraction of negative primaries.

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