Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Scientific paper
2009-08-20
Mod.Phys.Lett.A24:2139-2160,2009
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
22 pages, 6 figures. Several typoes corrected and some references added. Published in Mod. Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 24, No. 27 (200
Scientific paper
10.1142/S0217732309031740
Recently data from PAMELA, ATIC, FERMI-LAT and HESS show that there are $e^{\pm}$ excesses in the cosmic ray energy spectrum. PAMELA observed excesses only in $e^+$, but not in anti-proton spectrum. ATIC, FERMI-LAT and HESS observed excesses in $e^++e^-$ spectrum, but the detailed shapes are different which requires future experimental observations to pin down the correct data set. Nevertheless a lot of efforts have been made to explain the observed $e^\pm$ excesses, and also why PAMELA only observed excesses in $e^+$ but not in anti-proton. In this brief review we discuss one of the most popular mechanisms to explain the data, the dark matter annihilation. It has long been known that about 23% of our universe is made of relic dark matter. If the relic dark matter was thermally produced, the annihilation rate is constrained resulting in the need of a large boost factor to explain the data. We will discuss in detail how a large boost factor can be obtained by the Sommerfeld and Briet-Wigner enhancement mechanisms. Some implications for particle physics model buildings will also be discussed.
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