Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2006-04-30
J.Phys.A40:501-523,2007
Physics
Quantum Physics
38 pages, TeX. Several changes and added comments to bring out the meaning more clearly. Minor rewording and extra acknowledge
Scientific paper
10.1088/1751-8113/40/3/010
One obtains Bell's inequalities if one posits a hypothetical joint probability distribution, or {\it measure}, whose marginals yield the probabilities produced by the spin measurements in question. The existence of a joint measure is in turn equivalent to a certain causality condition known as ``screening off''. We show that if one assumes, more generally, a joint {\it quantal measure}, or ``decoherence functional'', one obtains instead an analogous inequality weaker by a factor of $\sqrt{2}$. The proof of this ``Tsirel'son inequality'' is geometrical and rests on the possibility of associating a Hilbert space to any strongly positive quantal measure. These results lead both to a {\it question}: ``Does a joint measure follow from some quantal analog of `screening off'?'', and to the {\it observation} that non-contextual hidden variables are viable in histories-based quantum mechanics, even if they are excluded classically.
Craig David
Dowker Fay
Henson Joe
Major Seth
Rideout David
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