400 years of large fluence solar proton events

Details 400 years of large fluence solar proton events 400 years of large fluence solar proton events

Aug 2001

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001icrc....8.3209m&link_type=abstract

Proceedings of the 27th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 07-15 August, 2001. Hamburg, Germany. Under the auspices of the Int

Physics

5

Scientific paper

The geophysical significance of the thin nitraterich layers found in both Arctic and Antarctic ice cores is examined in detail. The nitrate layers have a short time scale (<6 weeks) and are highly correlated with major solarterrestrial disturbances. A one to one correlation is established between the seven largest solar proton events (SPE) observed since 1942, and nitrate layers that correspond to the same date. A conversion factor is established between nitrate concentration and SPE fluence, and this shows that there were 125 SPE in the period 15611950 with a >30MeV fluence >1.0x109 /cm2 . A cumulative probability distribution derived from these data is in good agreement with a distribution derived from satellite observations, leading to the conclusion that the nitrate layers will allow analysis of the occurrence of SPEs into the past. The high fluences observed, and the existence of episodes of 0.5-1 major SPE per year is shown to have resulted in the production of significant quantities of cosmogenic 10 Be.

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