10 Be and 9 Be in mineral separates and whole rocks from volcanic arcs: Implications for sediment subduction

Physics

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Scientific paper

10 Be and 9 Be concentrations have been determined in mineral separates from 2 historic eruptions and in 47 whole rocks. All phases separated from a Central American lava erupted in 1966 give a 10 Be / 9 Be atom ratio of 20.5 × 10 -11 , within analytical error. Minerals separated from a 1978 Aleutian lava give a 10 Be / 9 Be ratio of 8.6 × 10 -11 . The constant 10 Be / 9 Be ratio in the mineral phases of each lava indicates that 10 Be was included prior to crystallization, ruling out surface contamination as a means of incorporation. 10 Be / 9 Be ratios in historic lavas from the Aleutian, Cascade, Central America, Southern Chile, Hokkaido, and Bismarck volcanic arcs range from 0.1-81 × 10 -11 and correlate well with previously published 10 Be concentrations. The average 10 Be / 9 Be ratio for individual arc segments ranges from a low of 0.4 × 10 -11 in the Cascades to a high of 22 × 10 -11 in Central America, but the range of measured values within an individual arc is generally large. Some of the differences between arcs can be attributed to differences in sediment subduction time (i.e., 10 Be decay time), but the differences within arcs indicate real differences in sediment incorporation and magma generation. Estimates of the amount of sediment incorporation are model-dependent, but limiting case calculations suggest <4% sediment in models of bulk incorporation and larger amounts if a Be-poor fluid is involved. Variation in the 10 Be / 9 Be ratio is inversely correlated with total Be concentration, suggesting a two-stage mixing-melting model for the generation of arc lavas.

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