Physics
Scientific paper
Nov 1985
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1985stin...8624644b&link_type=abstract
Two classes of gamma-ray/proton flares: Impulsive and gradual. Revision
Physics
Gamma Rays, Interplanetary Space, Protons, Solar Flares, Coronal Loops, Microwave Emission, Nuclear Radiation, Secular Variations, Solar Corona, Stellar Mass Ejection, X Rays
Scientific paper
We have studied various properties of gamma ray/proton flares, which produce nuclear gamma rays and/or interplanetary energetic protons. We have found that there exist two classes of gamma ray/proton (GR/P) flares, with each class having many distinct characteristics in common. Gradual GR/P flares (so named because of gradual variations of hard X-ray fluxes with duration of spike bursts longer than 90 s) have the following characteristics: long duration (> 10 min) hard/X-ray and microwave emission, gradual variation of microwave flux, relatively large ratios of microwave to hard X-ray fluxes, large H-alpha areas, long-duration soft X-ray emission (> 1 hr), hard X-ray emission from extended coronal loops, interplanetary type II emission, coronal mass ejections, and production of large numbers of interplanetary energetic protons. Impulsive GR/P flares display directly opposing behavior in the above respects. However, the two classes of GR/P flares have a few characteristics common to both of them.
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