Physics – High Energy Physics
Scientific paper
Apr 2005
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2005iche.conf..431b&link_type=abstract
HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, ICHEP 2004. Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference. Held 16-22 August 2004 in Beijing, China. Edi
Physics
High Energy Physics
Scientific paper
Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) emit intense flashes of γ-rays typically in the 10 keV - 10 MeV energy range and lasting from fraction of seconds to a few hundred seconds. Their "prompt" γ-ray emission is followed for much longer timescales by considerable emission at lower frequencies (X-ray, optical, IR and radio): the GRB afterglow. The detection of GRB optical counterparts has allowed to measure (since 1997) their redshifts, definitely showing that they are cosmological sources. The broad redshift interval (presently extending out to z~4.5) and the huge power emitted in the prompt γ-ray phase, make these sources excellent candidates to probe the distant universe. The continous progress on the determination of the main GRB phenomenological (temporal and spectral) properties is providing new clues on their nature: in particular intrinsic correlations have been recently revealed between the GRB spectral characteristics and their global energetics, which can potentially allow to use GRB as rulers to measure the cosmological parameters. In this presentation a brief review of these correlations and of their cosmological significance is given. It is stressed the relevance both for the GRB understanding and for their cosmological use of assessing the role of any material present in the GRB environment. In fact, the statistical analysis of a large sample (400) of GRB light curves has revealed the presence of late time structures (about 200-300 s after the burst) which might be indeed interpreted as the effect of the interaction of the burst photons with a relatively dense ambient medium.
Barbiellini Guido
Bosnjak Z. M.
Celotti Annalisa
Ghirlanda Giancarlo
Longo Francesco
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