Physics
Scientific paper
Mar 1985
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1985sciam.252...74f&link_type=abstract
Scientific American (ISSN 0036-8733), vol. 252, March 1985, p. 74-81.
Physics
3
Field Theory (Physics), Space-Time Functions, Unified Field Theory, Bosons, Fermions, Gauge Theory, Gravitation Theory, Particle Mass, Particle Theory, Quantum Chromodynamics, Relativistic Theory, Weak Energy Interactions
Scientific paper
Einstein's theory of general relativity was confirmed as a result of observations made during a total eclipse of the sun in 1919. According to general relativity, space and time are knit into a four-dimensional mathematical structure called spacetime. Subsequently, it was proposed to supplement the four dimensions of spacetime with a fifth, spatial dimension. This proposal had the objective to provide a unified account of all the known forces of nature, taking into consideration gravitation, described by general relativity, and electromagnetism. A new situation has now arisen regarding the aim to unify the forces of nature on a geometric basis, because two additional forces have to be considered. These forces include the strong nuclear force, which binds protons and neutrons together, and the weak nuclear force, which is responsible for certain kinds of radioactive decay. Other developments are related to supergravity and the necessity for a consideration of quantum-mechanical effects. It appears that the considered developments lead to an 11-dimensional universe.
Freedman Daniel Z.
van Nieuwenhuizen Peter
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