Methods for determining the primary energy of cosmic-ray showers

Details Methods for determining the primary energy of cosmic-ray showers Methods for determining the primary energy of cosmic-ray showers

Nov 1997

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1997jphg...23.1733c&link_type=abstract

Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Volume 23, Issue 11, pp. 1733-1749 (1997).

Physics

7

Scientific paper

Monte Carlo simulations of cosmic-ray-induced showers in the atmosphere have been used to develop three new methods for measuring the energy of the primary particles in the 0954-3899/23/11/020/img6 - 0954-3899/23/11/020/img7 eV range independently of the particle species. Both the electron number and Cherenkov light density near and beyond the hump in the lateral distributions are found to accurately indicate the primary energy, provided an appropriate correction based on the depth of the shower maximum is applied. The depth of the shower maximum can be estimated from the slope of the radial distribution of the Cherenkov light. In addition, a simultaneous measurement of the muon number and Cherenkov light intensity also provides a very accurate measure of the primary energy. All of these parameters can be determined by using existing particle detector arrays. A very precise measurement of the cosmic-ray all-particle spectrum regardless of chemical composition is thus shown to be practicable.

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