Magnetotactic bacteria and their magnetofossils in sediments

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Living magnetotactic bacteria from freshwater environments show, under natural and laboratory conditions, a great variety of morphological appearances. Their magnetosomes vary in number, shape, and size. One species of bacteria yields up to 1000 magnetosomes per cell. Individual particles reach a size of up to 200 nm. As a rule, they form elongated chains. In bacteria which are held under laboratory conditions, loop-shaped arrangements and nearly unordered clusters are also found. During the laboratory experiments, different species of bacteria periodically dominated. Freshwater samples always exhibited a great variety of different magnetosomes. On the other hand, samples from marine environment clearly showed the preponderance of one type of particle. These observations may reflect specific properties of the physico-chemical milieu in which the bacteria grew. At the end of our experiments north- and south-seeking bacteria co-existed in roughly equal quantities.
Quaternary unconsolidated sediments from the Ammersee (Bavaria) and the Antarctic, Quaternary to Tertiary deep-sea sediments from the Atlantic and Pacific, and Jurassic limestones from the Sonnwendgebirge (Tyrol, Austria) were analyzed for fossil magnetosomes. We found that fossil magnetosomes were morphologically similar to those from living bacteria, but seemed to be corroded in some cases.
The observed differences in quantity, size and shape of magnetosomes from various sediments may be influenced by variations in bacterial viability and particle stability at different sites, but are not determined by geographical latitude.

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