Speckle Noise in High Dynamic Range Imaging, an Overview

Physics – Optics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

We present an overview of the statistical properties of speckle noise, which is the main limitation to high contrast imaging. We derive and analyze the properties, for both direct and coronagraphic images, and describe the effect of a coronagraph on the speckle and photon noise. We discuss the case of direct images and the particular case of the distribution of the instantaneous Strehl Ratio. Current observations with coronagraphic instruments have shown that the main limitations are due to residual quasi-static speckles. We propose a generalization of the statistical model to include static, quasi-static and fast residual atmospheric speckles. The results provide insight into the effects on the dynamic range of wavefront control, coronagraphy, active speckle reduction, differential speckle calibration. This study is focused on ground-based imaging with extreme adaptive optics, but is general enough to be applicable to space, with different parameters and timescales.

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