Physics
Scientific paper
Jan 1980
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1980rspta.294..395a&link_type=abstract
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Volume 294, Issue 1410,
Physics
Scientific paper
The Navstar Global Positioning System, proposed for deployment in 1985, will have eight satellites equally spaced in each of three orbit planes at an inclination of 63 degrees. Since the satellites will be in circular, 20 000 km (12 h period), orbits and the nodes of the three orbit planes will be equally spaced, at least four satellites will be in view at any location. Range to three of the satellites, computed from the travel time of signal from the satellite to the ground, would give the position of the ground receiver. The measurement to the fourth satellite is required to synchronize the ground station clock with the satellite to provide a sufficiently accurate travel time. In order that the system may be demonstrated in early 1979, six satellites are now being launched into orbits that will provide the operational configuration over the southwestern part of the United States for a few hours each day. The accuracy of the instantaneous absolute position is expected to be 10 m. The relative position of two stationary receivers could be determined to 1 m accuracy in a few minutes even if the receivers are separated by 1000 km. Relative positions could be determined to better than 10 cm accuracy within a day. The G.P.S. satellite system will provide absolute geodetic positions to 1 m accuracy with a few hours of observation, and it also has the potential of yielding the relative position of stations to sub-decimetre accuracy by use of a variety of data types and data analysis techniques. The effects of random observational error on position for some techniques discussed in this report are only a few centimetres. Each of these techniques is subject to the effects of additional systematic erros. Effects of ephemeris errors on position are just a few centimetres for fitted ephemerides for stations separated by less than 1000 km. Each is also subject to negligible second order ionospheric refraction errors and tropospheric refraction errors which will reach a few centimetres (Anderle 1978) in their effects on station position. The systems are sensitive in different degrees to oscillator stability, equipment biases and multipath effects. Further simulations are being conducted to evaluate the effects of oscillator stability on position calculations based on Doppler data; equipment biases must be calibrated and evaluated in field tests and multipath effects must be evaluated in field tests with different antenna configurations.
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