Constraints on volatile production by the Chicxulub impact

Physics

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Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary, Hypervelocity Impact, Sulfur Dioxides, Asteroids, Comets, Meteorite Craters, Volatility, Plumes, Sulfates, Carbonates, Montana

Scientific paper

Vaporization of sulfates by the Chicxulub impact and the environmental effects resulting from atmospheric loading of sulfur dioxide are potential causes of the mass extinction at the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary. Recent advances in the study of the Chicxulub crater, impact simulations and experiments, and studies of acid rain at the K/T boundary provide new constraints on impact volatile production and help identify research areas where the greatest uncertainties lie. A conservative estimate of global sulfur dioxide loading is 200 Gt. The nature of the projectile (asteroid or comet), the effects of impact angle on vaporization, and sulfuric acid production in the vapor plume are important sources of uncertainty and require more research.

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