May 1988
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1988esasp.283..165v&link_type=abstract
In ESA, Space Science and Fundamental Physics p 165-176 (SEE N89-11638 02-88)
Physics
1
Dark Matter, Galactic Clusters, Galactic Mass, Galaxies, Mass To Light Ratios, Density Distribution, Galactic Evolution, Galactic Radiation, Galactic Rotation, Spatial Distribution
Scientific paper
Methods that can be used to determine the total masses of galaxies and systems of galaxies, and of the results obtained are reviewed. Observations show that spiral galaxies are surrounded by invisible material. Dark matter is also present in systems of galaxies of various sizes. Its spatial distribution is related to the distribution of light. On small scales this follows from the symmetry of galaxy rotation curves. On the scale of clusters a relation is implied by the fact that the apex of the flow of galaxies around us lies in the Virgo cluster region. Moreover, the mass excess in the Virgo region deduced from the Virgocentric flow agrees with the mass of the Virgo cluster deduced from the virial theorem. Its density relative to the blue luminosity density increases with the size of the region under consideration. This follows from a comparison of individual galaxies and clusters of galaxies, and also from a comparison of compact groups and loose groups. However, the density of dark matter relative to the density of all luminous matter does not appear to change markedly from one region to the other. It is not known whether large amounts of dark matter are present in regions where the number density of galaxies is low, in particular the voids. If not, the total density of matter in the Universe is one order of magnitude smaller than the critical density.
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