Physics
Scientific paper
Sep 2004
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004rpph...67.1607n&link_type=abstract
Reports on Progress in Physics, Volume 67, Issue 9, pp. 1607-1662 (2004).
Physics
20
Scientific paper
Itinerant type quantum many-body theories for photo-induced structural phase transitions (PSPTs) are reviewed in close connection with various recent experimental results related to this new optical phenomenon. There are two key concepts: the hidden multi-stability of the ground state, and the proliferations of optically excited states. Taking the ionic (I) rarr neutral (N) phase transition in the organic charge transfer (CT) crystal, TTF-CA, as a typical example for this type of transition, we, at first, theoretically show an adiabatic path which starts from CT excitons in the I-phase, but finally reaches an N-domain with a macroscopic size. In connection with this I-N transition, the concept of the initial condition sensitivity is also developed so as to clarify experimentally observed nonlinear characteristics of this material.
In the next, using a more simplified model for the many-exciton system, we theoretically study the early time quantum dynamics of the exciton proliferation, which finally results in the formation of a domain with a large number of excitons. For this purpose, we derive a stepwise iterative equation to describe the exciton proliferation, and clarify the origin of the initial condition sensitivity.
Possible differences between a photo-induced nonequilibrium phase and an equilibrium phase at high temperatures are also clarified from general and conceptional points of view, in connection with recent experiments on the photo-induced phase transition in an organo-metallic complex crystal. It will be shown that the photo-induced phase can make a new interaction appear as a broken symmetry only in this phase, even when this interaction is almost completely hidden in all the equilibrium phases, such as the ground state and other high-temperature phases. The relation between the photo-induced nonequilibrium phase and the hysteresis induced nonequilibrium one is also qualitatively discussed.
We will be concerned with a macroscopic parity violation and a ferro- (or super-para-) electricity, induced by a photogenerated electron in the perovskite type quantum dielectric SrTiO3. The photogenerated electron in the 3d band of Ti is assumed to couple weakly, but quadratically, with soft-anharmonic T1u phonons, and strongly but linearly to the breathing (A1g) type high energy phonons. These two types of electron-phonon coupling result in two types of polarons, a super-para-electric (SPE) large polaron with a quasi-global parity violation, and an off-centre type self-trapped polaron with only a local parity violation. This SPE large polaron, being equal to a charged and conductive ferroelectric domain, greatly enhances both the quasi-static electric susceptibility and the electronic conductivity.
We also briefly review recent successes to observe the PSPTs more directly by using x-ray measurements.
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