From exponentail to power-law: Temporal development of energetic ion spectra at quasi-parallel shocks

Details From exponentail to power-law: Temporal development of energetic ion spectra at quasi-parallel shocks From exponentail to power-law: Temporal development of energetic ion spectra at quasi-parallel shocks

Aug 2001

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001icrc....9.3627s&link_type=abstract

Proceedings of the 27th International Cosmic Ray Conference. 07-15 August, 2001. Hamburg, Germany. Under the auspices of the Int

Physics

Scientific paper

Diffusive shock acceleration theory predicts ion energy spectrum of power-law form. On the other hand, the energy spectra obtained around terrestrial bow shocks and in hybrid simulations show exponential forms over a wide energy range. Here, we try to reconcile this difference by proposing a spectrum to develop from an exponential to power-law form in time. We have performed hybrid simulations in which we place a non-physical wall in the upstream region. This wall elastically reflect ions in the local fluid frame and drives the classical Fermi process. First we obtain an exponential spectrum which is produced by the injection process from the thermal to the non-thermal ions at the shock front. Later, the effect of the reflections at the wall dominates and increases the characteristic energy of the exponential spectrum, as well as produces a power-law form in the high energy range. Consequently, the well-developed spectrum consists of three populations, the thermal, the nonthermal with the exponential form, and the non-thermal with a power-law form.

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