Optical studies conducted by Shogunal astronomers of Edo-period

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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History Of Astronomy, Biography

Scientific paper

Although basic duty for astronomical officers of the Tokugawa Shogunal government had been to compile yearly and sometimes improve luni-solar calendars, they were obliged from necessity, toward the 19th century, to learn the astronomical navigation and optical instruments as well. This paper discusses why and how they coped with the fundamental optics. We also shed light on that Cornelis Douwes (1712-1773), the principal of the Amsterdam Naval Academy, made an important contribution to the Japanese astronomy of the Edo-period, through both the booklet on the octant written by him and his Dutch-translation enterprise of the four-volume books "Astronomie" authored by the famed French astronomer J. J. F. Lalande.

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