Thermal energy transport in the Venus ionosphere - Classical and saturated electron temperature profiles

Physics

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Heat Flux, Ionospheric Electron Density, Ionospheric Temperature, Planetary Ionospheres, Thermal Conductivity, Venus Atmosphere, Atmospheric Density, Atmospheric Models, Electron Energy, Pioneer Venus 1 Spacecraft, Temperature Gradients, Thermal Energy

Scientific paper

Consideration is given to possible mechanisms of thermal energy transport producing the observed temperature and density profiles in the Venus ionosphere. The classical equation for electron thermal conductivity, which specifies a heat flux proportional to the temperature gradient, is shown not to apply to regions of the Venus ionosphere, and an expression for the maximum flux the electrons can carry in a low-density plasma or a high temperature gradient, which is independent of the temperature gradient, is derived. Ionospheric regions in which the classical and the saturated flux equations apply are determined based on experimental data, and the temperature profiles predicted by the classical and saturated equations are compared for the case when local heating and cooling rates and magnetic fields are negligible. Results of model calculations of ionospheric electron temperature profiles between 200 and 800 km based on Pioneer Venus Orbiter retarding potential analyzer measurements are then presented which demonstrate that the topside energy input required to give the observed temperature profiles is about a factor of four greater on the dayside than on the nightside.

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