Seismic shaking: implications for surface and interior structure of 433 Eros

Physics

Scientific paper

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Asteroids, Seismicity, Surface Structure, Internal Structure

Scientific paper

In late January 2001, the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft flew at low altitudes within 3 to 6 km of the surface of 433 Eros. Coordinated observations of the asteroid surface were obtained at sub-meter resolution by the NEAR laser rangefinder and the multispectral imager. Three independent, coordinated observations were obtained of a 90-m ponded deposit adjacent to a granular debris flow. These include the highest resolution altimetric measurements of ponded deposits on Eros. The ponded deposits appear to have been emplaced by fluid-like motion of dry asteroidal regolith. A simple model of seismic agitation from impacts may account for pond formation on Eros. Because of the low surface gravity on Eros, a low amplitude of seismic shaking suffices to cause slope failures and degradation of topography. The model predicts that ponds should form readily on Eros but not on much larger bodies like the Moon, where ponds are not observed. Implicit in this model is that seismic waves are transmitted globally through Eros. A theoretical argument recently suggested that macroscopic fractures within the interior of an asteroid should be empty, because fines should be retained by friction near the surface. However, in a more realistic model of a granular medium, friction forces do not prevent particles from falling through cracks, and fractures within an asteroid are filled with particulates.

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