Optimal states and almost optimal adaptive measurements for quantum interferometry

Details Optimal states and almost optimal adaptive measurements for quantum interferometry Optimal states and almost optimal adaptive measurements for quantum interferometry

2000-09-28

arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0009117v2

Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5098 (2000)

Physics

Quantum Physics

4 pages, 4 figures, journal version

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.5098

We derive the optimal N-photon two-mode input state for obtaining an estimate \phi of the phase difference between two arms of an interferometer. For an optimal measurement [B. C. Sanders and G. J. Milburn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2944 (1995)], it yields a variance (\Delta \phi)^2 \simeq \pi^2/N^2, compared to O(N^{-1}) or O(N^{-1/2}) for states considered by previous authors. Such a measurement cannot be realized by counting photons in the interferometer outputs. However, we introduce an adaptive measurement scheme that can be thus realized, and show that it yields a variance in \phi very close to that from an optimal measurement.

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