Physics – Nuclear Physics – Nuclear Experiment
Scientific paper
2005-02-02
Ann.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.55:271-310,2005
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Experiment
47 pages, to appear in Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science
Scientific paper
10.1146/annurev.nucl.55.090704.1
Moving highly-charged ions carry strong electromagnetic fields that act as a field of photons. In collisions at large impact parameters, hadronic interactions are not possible, and the ions interact through photon-ion and photon-photon collisions known as {\it ultra-peripheral collisions} (UPC). Hadron colliders like the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), the Tevatron and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce photonuclear and two-photon interactions at luminosities and energies beyond that accessible elsewhere; the LHC will reach a $\gamma p$ energy ten times that of the Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator (HERA). Reactions as diverse as the production of anti-hydrogen, photoproduction of the $\rho^0$, transmutation of lead into bismuth and excitation of collective nuclear resonances have already been studied. At the LHC, UPCs can study many types of `new physics.'
Bertulani Carlos A.
Klein Spencer R.
Nystrand Joakim
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