Quantum mechanical stability of fermion-soliton systems

Details Quantum mechanical stability of fermion-soliton systems Quantum mechanical stability of fermion-soliton systems

2004-05-16

arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0405140v1

Phys.Lett. B596 (2004) 1-7

Physics

High Energy Physics

High Energy Physics - Theory

Old version withdrawn; New version, 6 pages, 1 eps figure; To appear in Phys.Lett.B

Scientific paper

10.1016/j.physletb.2004.04.090

Topological objects resulting from symmetry breakdown may be either stable or metastable depending on the pattern of symmetry breaking. However, if they acquire zero-energy modes of fermions, and in the process acquire non-integer fermionic charge, the metastable configurations also get stabilized. In the case of Dirac fermions the spectrum of the number operator shifts by 1/2. In the case of majorana fermions it becomes useful to assign negative values of fermion number to a finite number of states occupying the zero-energy level, constituting a \textit{majorana pond}. We determine the parities of these states and prove a superselection rule. Thus decay of objects with half-integer fermion number is not possible in isolation or by scattering with ordinary particles. The result has important bearing on cosmology as well as condensed matter physics.

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