Quantum information and special relativity

Details Quantum information and special relativity Quantum information and special relativity

2003-01-15

arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0301065v1

Int. J. Quant. Info. 1, 225 (2003)

Physics

Quantum Physics

RevTex, 6 pages with one figure. Proceedings of TH-2002, Paris, 2002

Scientific paper

Relativistic effects affect nearly all notions of quantum information theory. The vacuum behaves as a noisy channel, even if the detectors are perfect. The standard definition of a reduced density matrix fails for photon polarization because the transversality condition behaves like a superselection rule. We can however define an effective reduced density matrix which corresponds to a restricted class of positive operator-valued measures. There are no pure photon qubits, and no exactly orthogonal qubit states. Reduced density matrices for the spin of massive particles are well-defined, but are not covariant under Lorentz transformations. The spin entropy is not a relativistic scalar and has no invariant meaning. The distinguishability of quantum signals and their entanglement depend on the relative motion of observers.

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