Shear viscosity, Bulk viscosity and Relaxation Times of Causal Dissipative Relativistic Fluid-Dynamics at Finite Temperature and Chemical Potential

Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Theory

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24 pages, 4 figures, the discussions about the van Hove limit and the f-sum rule are added

Scientific paper

The microscopic formulas for the shear viscosity $\eta$, the bulk viscosity $\zeta$ and corresponding relaxation times $\tau_\pi$ and $\tau_\Pi$ of causal dissipative relativistic fluid-dynamics are obtained at finite temperature and chemical potential by using the projection operator method. The non-triviality of the finite chemical potential calculation is attributed to the arbitrariness of the operator definition of the bulk viscous pressure. We show that, when the operator definition for the bulk viscous pressure $\Pi$ is appropriately chosen, the leading order result of the ratio of $\zeta$ and $\tau_\Pi$ coincides with the same ratio obtained at vanishing chemical potential. We further discuss the physical meaning of the time convolutionless approximation, which is adopted in the derivation of the formulas. We show that this approximation violates the time reversal symmetry appropriately and final results are consistent with the quantum master equation obtained by van Hove and the f-sum rule obtained by Kadanoff and Martin, respectively.

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