Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2007-03-17
Phys. Rev. A 76, 052110 (2007)
Physics
Quantum Physics
For comments see Seth Lloyd, NATURE 450, 1167 (2007)
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevA.76.052110
Measurements transfer information about a system to the apparatus, and then further on -- to observers and (often inadvertently) to the environment. I show that even imperfect copying essential in such situations restricts possible unperturbed outcomes to an orthogonal subset of all possible states of the system, thus breaking the unitary symmetry of its Hilbert space implied by the quantum superposition principle. Preferred outcome states emerge as a result. They provide framework for the ``wavepacket collapse'', designating terminal points of quantum jumps, and defining the measured observable by specifying its eigenstates. In quantum Darwinism, they are the progenitors of multiple copies spread throughout the environment -- the fittest quantum states that not only survive decoherence, but subvert it into carrying information about them -- into becoming a witness.
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