Quantum Heat Engine With Multi-Level Quantum Systems

Details Quantum Heat Engine With Multi-Level Quantum Systems Quantum Heat Engine With Multi-Level Quantum Systems

2005-04-15

arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0504118v3

Phys. Rev. E 72, 056110 (2005)

Physics

Quantum Physics

10 pages, 11 figures

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevE.72.056110

By reformulating the first law of thermodynamics in the fashion of quantum-mechanical operators on the parameter manifold, we propose a universal class of quantum heat engines (QHE) using the multi-level quantum system as the working substance. We obtain a general expression of work for the thermodynamic cycle with two thermodynamic adiabatic processes, which are microscopically quantum adiabatic processes. We also classify the conditions for a 3-level QHE to extract positive work from a heat bath. Our result is counter-intuitively different from that of a 2-level system. As a more realistic illustration, a 3-level atom system with dark state configuration manipulated by classical light is used to demonstrate our central idea.

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