Physics – General Physics
Scientific paper
2011-06-06
Physics
General Physics
In the Abstract, the first two sentences are fixed to show the insufficiency of existing theory (namely, it cannot uniquely de
Scientific paper
In this paper, the principle of special relativity is used to uniquely determine the light momentum formulation for plane waves in a moving medium. Invariant forms of refractive index, phase velocity, and group velocity are defined based on the Minkowski-metric dispersion relation. From the covariant wave four-vector combined with Einstein's light-quantum hypothesis, Minkowski's photon momentum equation is naturally restored, and it is indicated that the formulation of Abraham's photon momentum is not compatible with the covariance of relativity. Fizeau running water experiment is re-analyzed as a support to the Minkowski's momentum. It is also shown that, (1) there may be a pseudo-power flow when a medium moves, (2) Minkowski's electromagnetic momentum is Lorentz covariant and Planck constant is a Lorentz invariant, (3) form-invariant Minkowski's stress tensor may have a simplest form of symmetry, and (4) the moving medium behaves as a so-called "negative index medium" when it moves opposite to the wave vector at a faster-than-dielectric light speed.
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