Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Theory
Scientific paper
1999-04-14
Int.J.Mod.Phys. A14 (1999) 2139-2172
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
37 pages, Latex, 10 figures using epsfig, 4 charts in ps; invited review to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys
Scientific paper
10.1142/S0217751X99001093
A loop space formulation of Yang-Mills theory high-lighting the significance of monopoles for the existence of gauge potentials is used to derive a generalization of electric-magnetic duality to the nonabelian theory. The result implies that the gauge symmetry is doubled from SU(N) to $SU(N) \times \widetilde{SU}(N)$, while the physical degrees of freedom remain the same, so that the theory can be described in terms of either the usual Yang-Mills potential $A_\mu(x)$ or its dual $\tilde{A}_\mu(x)$. Nonabelian `electric' charges appear as sources of $A_\mu$ but as monopoles of $\tilde{A}_\mu$, while their `magnetic' counterparts appear as monopoles of $A_\mu$ but sources of $\tilde{A}_\mu$. Although these results have been derived only for classical fields, it is shown for the quantum theory that the Dirac phase factors (or Wilson loops) constructed out of $A_\mu$ and $\tilde{A}_\mu$ satisfy the 't Hooft commutation relations, so that his results on confinement apply. Hence one concludes, in particular, that since colour SU(3) is confined then dual colour $\widetilde{SU}(3)$ is broken. Such predictions can lead to many very interesting physical consequences which are explored in a companion paper.
Chan HM
Tsou ST
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