Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Theory
Scientific paper
2003-02-17
Prog.Theor.Phys.114:259-273,2005
Physics
High Energy Physics
High Energy Physics - Theory
v6:revised sec. I; many typos in sec. III: refs added
Scientific paper
10.1143/PTP.114.259
We give a simplified method to generate two types of zero-norm states in the old covariant first quantized (OCFQ) spectrum of open bosonic string. Zero-norm states up to the fourth massive level and general formulas of some zero-norm tensor states at an arbitrary mass level are calculated. On-shell Ward identities generated by zero-norm states and the factorization property of stringy vertex operators can then be used to argue that the string-tree scattering amplitudes of the degenerate lower spin propagating states are fixed by those of higher spin propagating states at each fixed mass level. This decoupling phenomenon is, in contrast to Gross's high-energy symmetries, valid to all energy. As examples, we explicitly demonstrate this stringy phenomenon up to the fourth massive level (spin-five), which justifies the calculation of two other previous approaches based on the massive worldsheet sigma-model and Witten's string field theory (WSFT).
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