Retarded Gravitation Theory: the Gravitational Velocity Effect in Galactic Rotation Curves, and the Flyby Anomaly

Details Retarded Gravitation Theory: the Gravitational Velocity Effect in Galactic Rotation Curves, and the Flyby Anomaly Retarded Gravitation Theory: the Gravitational Velocity Effect in Galactic Rotation Curves, and the Flyby Anomaly

2011-02-15

arxiv.org/abs/1102.2945v2

Physics

General Physics

The paper was earlier supposed to be in 2 parts, relating to galactic rotation and flyby anomaly. Both parts are merged in thi

Scientific paper

We reformulate Newtonian gravitation in a Lorentz covariant way. This retarded gravitation theory (RGT) retains the notion of force, making it easy to solve many-body problems with existing techniques. The new gravitational force depends upon both retarded position and velocity; this explains observed galactic rotation curves as due to "velocity drag" from a large number of nearby co-rotating stars. We calculate this velocity effect for a test particle introduced in a state of Newtonian equilibrium, into a model galaxy. The test particle is speeded up. Dark matter may well exist, but it is not needed in this theory. RGT has the refutable local consequence that the earth's rotation would influence spacecraft trajectories, by approximately the amount of the observed flyby anomaly. We use the new force to calculate the trajectories of spacecraft flying by a simplified model of the earth as a rotating sphere. For the first flyby of Galileo, the calculated velocity increase is about 1.5 times larger than that observed. There are similar discrepancies for Galileo-2, NEAR and Cassini. We expect these discrepancies will be resolved by eliminating various simplifying assumptions. However, RGT primarily assumes only Lorentz covariance, so even its failure would have major implications for present-day physics.

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