Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2007-06-06
Phys.Rev.A76:013810,2007
Physics
Quantum Physics
5 pages
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevA.76.013810
We derive new general expressions for the fluctuating electromagnetic field outside a homogeneous material surface. The analysis is based on general results from the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, and requires no consideration of the material interior, as it only uses knowledge of the reflection amplitudes for its surface. Therefore, our results are valid for all homogeneous surfaces, including layered systems and metamaterials, at all temperatures. In particular, we obtain new formulae for the near-field region, which are important for interpreting the numerous current experiments probing proximity effects for macroscopic and/or microscopic bodies separated by small empty gaps. By use of Onsager's reciprocity relations, we obtain also the general symmetry properties that must be satisfied by the reflection matrix of any material.
Bimonte Giuseppe
Santamato Enrico
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