Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2009-07-07
Physics
Quantum Physics
7 pages, 1 figure; combination of arXiv:0907.1190 and arXiv:0907.0739; same average number of authors. Includes the Mother-in-
Scientific paper
The black-hole information paradox has fueled a fascinating effort to reconcile the predictions of general relativity and those of quantum mechanics. Gravitational considerations teach us that black holes swallow everything around them. Quantum mechanically the mass of a black hole leaks away as featureless (Hawking) radiation. If this description of evaporation is accurate, information is irretrievably lost, violating a fundamental axiom of quantum mechanics: that of unitary evolution. Here we show that in order to preserve the equivalence principle the thermodynamic entropy of a black hole must be primarily entropy of entanglement across the event horizon. Further, we show that information entering a black hole becomes encoded in correlations within a tripartite quantum system - the quantum analog of a one-time pad - and only becomes decoded into the outgoing radiation very late in the evaporation. Before this decoding stage the radiation is completely uncorrelated with the state of the in-fallen matter.
Braunstein Samuel L.
Zyczkowski Karol
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