Sub-diffraction Focussing using Quadratic Measure Eigenmodes

Details Sub-diffraction Focussing using Quadratic Measure Eigenmodes Sub-diffraction Focussing using Quadratic Measure Eigenmodes

2010-04-20

arxiv.org/abs/1004.3586v2

Physics

Optics

Scientific paper

10.1364/OE.19.000933

For over a century diffraction theory has been thought to limit the resolution of focusing and imaging in the optical domain. The size of the smallest spot achievable is inversely proportional to the range of spatial wavevectors available. Here, we show that it is possible to locally beat the diffraction limit at the expense of efficiency. The method is based on the linearity of Maxwell's equations and that the interaction between light and its surroundings may be considered quadratic in nature with respect to the electromagnetic fields. We represent the intensity and spot size as a quadratic measure with associated eigenmodes. Using a dynamic diffractive optical element, we demonstrate optical focussing to an area 4 times smaller than the diffraction limit. The generic method may be applied to numerous physical phenomena relating to linear and measurable properties of the electromagnetic field that can be expressed in a quadratic form.

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