Physics – Mathematical Physics
Scientific paper
2001-10-20
Physics
Mathematical Physics
9 pages, 5 figures
Scientific paper
The Hofstadter model illustrates the notion of topological quantum numbers
and how they account for the quantization of the Hall conductance. It gives
rise to colorful fractal diagrams of butterflies where the colors represent the
topological quantum numbers.
Avron Joseph E.
Osadchy D.
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