Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2005-06-30
Phys. Rev. A 72 042338 (2005)
Physics
Quantum Physics
11 pages, no figures
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevA.72.042338
We derive the optimal input states and the optimal quantum measurements for estimating the unitary action of a given symmetry group, showing how the optimal performance is obtained with a suitable use of entanglement. Optimality is defined in a Bayesian sense, as minimization of the average value of a given cost function. We introduce a class of cost functions that generalizes the Holevo class for phase estimation, and show that for states of the optimal form all functions in such a class lead to the same optimal measurement. A first application of the main result is the complete proof of the optimal efficiency in the transmission of a Cartesian reference frame. As a second application, we derive the optimal estimation of a completely unknown two-qubit maximally entangled state, provided that N copies of the state are available. In the limit of large N, the fidelity of the optimal estimation is shown to be 1-3/(4N).
Chiribella Giulio
D'Ariano Giacomo M.
Sacchi Massimiliano Federico
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