Physics – Quantum Physics
Scientific paper
2010-11-12
Phys. Rev. A 84, 020303(R) (2011)
Physics
Quantum Physics
14 pages
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevA.84.020303
The transmission of photons through open-air or an optical fiber is an important primitive in quantum information processing. Theoretical description of such a transmission process often considers only a single photon as the information carrier and thus fails to accurately describe experimental optical implementations where any number of photons may enter a detector. It is important to bridge this big gap between experimental implementations and the theoretical description. One powerful method that emerges from recent efforts to achieve this goal is to consider a squash model that conceptually converts multi-photon states to single-photon states, thereby justifying the equivalence between theory and experiments. However, up to now, only a limited number of protocols admit a squash model; furthermore, a no-go theorem has been proven which appears to rule out the existence of a universal squash model. Here, we observe that an apparently necessary condition demanded by all existing squash models to preserve measurement statistics is too stringent a requirement for many protocols. By chopping this requirement, we show that rather surprisingly, a universal squash model actually exists for a wide range of protocols including quantum key distribution protocols, quantum state tomography, the testing of Bell's inequalities, and entanglement verification, despite the standard no-go theorem.
Chau H. F.
Fung Chi-Hang Fred
Lo Hoi-Kwong
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