Measuring the Broken Phase Sphaleron Rate Nonperturbatively

Physics – High Energy Physics – High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

Scientific paper

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41 pages, 13 figures included with psfig. Some wordings clarified, nothing substantial changed

Scientific paper

10.1103/PhysRevD.59.014503

We present details for a method to compute the broken phase sphaleron rate (rate of hot baryon number violation below the electroweak phase transition) nonperturbatively, using a combination of multicanonical and real time lattice techniques. The calculation includes the ``dynamical prefactor,'' which accounts for prompt recrossings of the sphaleron barrier. The prefactor depends on the hard thermal loops, getting smaller with increasing Debye mass; but for realistic Debye masses the effect is not large. The baryon number erasure rate in the broken phase is slower than a perturbative estimate by about exp(-3.6). Assuming the electroweak phase transition has enough latent heat to reheat the universe to the equilibrium temperature, baryon number is preserved after the phase transition if the ratio of (``dimensionally reduced'' thermal) scalar to gauge couplings (lambda / g^2) is less than .037.

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