Interaction of mantle plume heads with the earth's surface and onset of small-scale convection

Physics

Scientific paper

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Earth Mantle, Earth Surface, Free Convection, Hydrodynamics, Plumes, Basalt, Buoyancy, Compressing, Earth Planetary Structure, Gravitational Effects, Spreading, Viscosity

Scientific paper

The interaction of a mantle plume head with the earth's surface was examined by studying the behavior of a spherical blob of a buoyant fluid under the effect of gravity which forces it toward either a rigid horizontal boundary or a free surface. In the experiments, buoyant spheres of diapir fluid having no surface tension and extremely small Reynolds numbers but diameters as large as are practical in the laboratory were injected into wide cylindrical tanks filled with viscous (nu = 149 sq cm/sec) glucose syrup. Experimental results are presented for the thinning and lateral spreading of the bouyant fluid and for the thinning of the squeeze layer for both the case of a rigid, nonslip boundary (a rigid Perspex lid) and that of a free surface. These are compared with similarity scaling laws based on a balance between the buoyancy of the diapir and the viscous stresses in the diapir's surroundings.

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