Physics
Scientific paper
Jun 2003
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2003jastp..65.1035t&link_type=abstract
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Volume 65, Issue 9, p. 1035-1052.
Physics
10
Scientific paper
A full ionospheric model, including the four night-time sources identified by Strobel et al. (1980), is used to calculate electron density profiles throughout the E,F1 and /F2 regions. Full allowance is made for the effects of secondary production, atmospheric winds, and a realistic NO model. Near midnight, results show an /E-layer peak at 105km with a density of 2-2.6×103cm-3 under most conditions. The peak thickness corresponds to a scale height of ~5km. A wide valley, with a mean density of typically 1.2-1.6×103cm-3, extends from ~120km to the sharply defined base of the /F2 layer at 190-225km. This agrees with rocket and backscatter observations, but differs considerably from the deep, narrow valley assumed in the International Reference Ionosphere. IRI also has a night /E layer that is far too thick (and too dense, near sunset). Experimental data on densities in the night /E and /F1 regions are available for only a limited range of conditions. Model calculations are therefore used to study the changes that will occur under different conditions, due to known changes in atmospheric composition and EUV radiation. In particular we examine electron density profiles across sunrise and sunset, when changes are rapid and observations are difficult. A numerical model is derived to give a close approximation to the full theoretical calculations under all conditions. It begins at 80km, to include some realistic /D region ionisation, and extends into the lower /F2 region. Combined with the day model described previously, it is available as a FORTRAN program that gives smooth, physically based variations at all times of day, at all heights up to at least 230km. Results are obtained as a function of local time, height, latitude, season, solar flux and magnetic activity. Based on full theoretical calculations, they give a good approximation to such data as are available and provide a best guess for unobserved regions. Results avoid the unacceptable variations and gradient discontinuities evident in most IRI profiles for the /E and /F1 regions.
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