The influences of composition-sand temperature-dependent rheology in thermal-chemical convection on entrainment of the D/''-layer

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The entrainment dynamics in the D/''-layer are influenced by multitudinous factors, such as thermal and compositional buoyancy, and temperature-and composition-dependent viscosity. Here, we are focusing on the effect of compositionally dependent viscosity on the mixing dynamics of the D/''-layer, arising from the less viscous but denser D/''-material. The marker method, with one million markers, is used for portraying the fine scale features of the compositional components, D/''-layer and lower-mantle. The D/''-layer has a higher density but a lower viscosity than the ambient lower-mantle, as suggested by melting point systematics. Results from a two-dimensional finite-difference numerical model including the extended Boussinesq approximation with dissipation number /Di=0.3, show that a D/''-layer, less viscous than the ambient mantle by 1.5 orders of magnitude, cannot efficiently mix with the lower-mantle, even though the buoyancy parameter is as low as Rρ=0.6. However, very small-scale schlieren structures of D/''-layer material are entrained into the lower-mantle. These small-scale lower-mantle heterogeneities have been imaged with one-dimensional wavelets in order to delineate quantitatively the multiscale features. They may offer an explanation for small-scale seismic heterogeneity inferred by seismic scattering in the lower-mantle.

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