The Cosmological Kibble Mechanism in the Laboratory: String Formation in Liquid Crystals

Details The Cosmological Kibble Mechanism in the Laboratory: String Formation in Liquid Crystals The Cosmological Kibble Mechanism in the Laboratory: String Formation in Liquid Crystals

1992-08-19

arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9208233v1

Science 263:943-945,1994

Physics

High Energy Physics

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology

17 pages, in TEX, 2 figures (not included, available on request)

Scientific paper

10.1126/science.263.5149.943

We have observed the production of strings (disclination lines and loops) via the Kibble mechanism of domain (bubble) formation in the isotropic to nematic phase transition of a sample of uniaxial nematic liquid crystal. The probablity of string formation per bubble is measured to be $0.33 \pm 0.01$. This is in good agreement with the theoretical value $1/ \pi$ expected in two dimensions for the order parameter space $S^2/{\bf Z}_2$ of a simple uniaxial nematic liquid crystal.

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