Quantum Projection Noise in an Atomic Fountain: A High Stability Cesium Frequency Standard

Physics

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Scientific paper

We describe the operation of a laser cooled cesium fountain clock in the quantum limited regime. An ultrastable cryogenic sapphire oscillator is used to measure the short-term frequency stability of the fountain as a function of the number of detected atoms Nat. For Nat varying from 4×104 to 6×105 the Allan standard deviation of the frequency fluctuations is in excellent agreement with the N-1/2at law of atomic projection noise. With 6×105 atoms, the relative frequency stability is 4×10-14τ-1/2, where τ is the integration time in seconds. This is the best short-term stability ever reported for primary frequency standards, a factor of 5 improvement over previous results.

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