Particle Acceleration and Energy Release in RHESSI Era

Physics

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Scientific paper

Since high energy emission (X-rays and gamma-rays) represents optically-thin radiation from energetic particles, it is a relatively straightforward, and hence extremely valuable, tool in the diagnostic study of flare-accelerated electrons and ions at the Sun. The observed X-ray/gamma-ray flux is fundamentally a convolution of the cross-section for the emission process(es) in question with the distribution function(s) of accelerated particles, which are in turn functions of energy, direction, spatial location and time. To address the key problems of particle acceleration, propagation as well as energy release one needs to infer as much information as possible on the particle distribution function, through a de-convolution of this fundamental relationship.
This review presents recent observational progress toward the understanding of energy release and particle acceleration using spectroscopic, imaging and polarization measurements, primarily from the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI). Previous conclusions regarding the energy, angular (pitch angle) and spatial distributions of energetic electrons and ions in solar flares are critically reviewed. The diagnostics of radiation processes, particle transport, and acceleration, using both spectroscopic and imaging techniques will be discussed. The unprecedented quality of the RHESSI data in combination with novel data analysis techniques have revealed previously unknown details of energetic particle distributions and imposed new challenging constraints on the particle acceleration.

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