Irradiated Jets and Proplyds in NGC 1977, Orion Nebula's Cousin

Physics

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Scientific paper

We propose to use WFC3 and coordinated parallel observations with ACS to study a cluster of irradiated jets, photo-ablating disks {proplyds}, and clouds in the low excitation HII region NGC 1977. Located 30Õ north of the Orion Nebula at a distance of about 410 pc , NGC 1977 contains over 100 young stellar objects identified by Spitzer and a half-dozen outflows found on ground-based narrow-band H-alpha images. The star Parenago 2042 powers a knotty jet and a bipolar chain of bow shocks with a C-shaped bend indicating deflection by a side-wind. We will take advantage of the new WFC3 capability to image [MgII] and [OII], species that can outshine H?alpha in UV-dominated shocked environments, to study the structure and excitation conditions in these jets with unprecedented resolution. H-alpha observations with WFC3, and ACS in coordinated parallel mode, will be used to study giant proplyds detected in ground-based images, to search for embedded protoplanetary disks, and to find additional proplyds and micro-jets among the dozens of Spitzer-detected young stars in this field. NGC 1977 is an ideal laboratory for the study of disk survival and evolution in a soft-UV dominated environment lit up by an early B star. Disk sizes and ionization fronts are expected to be larger than in Orion. In the Orion Nebula, photo-ablating plasma flows from the ionization front towards our line-of-sight, making it difficult to determine the distance between any disk and the ionization front. In NGC 1977, the plasma flow is closer to the plane of the sky. Thus, for a constant velocity ionization front, the projected distance of a proplyd from the front is expected to be proportional of its UV exposure-time. A study of disk-size versus distance from the front can be related to the disk photo-erosion rate. This study will make important contributions to our understanding of the impacts of the environment on protostellar jet and proto-planetary disk evolution.;

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