Preliminary Measurement of the 1064-nm Surface Reflectance of the Moon from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) Pulse Energies

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[5400] Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets, [5462] Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets / Polar Regions, [5470] Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets / Surface Materials And Properties, [5494] Planetary Sciences: Solid Surface Planets / Instruments And Techniques

Scientific paper

The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft includes two 1064-nm lasers characterized by output energies of 2.7 mJ (laser1 ) and 3.0 mJ (laser 2). The energies of backscattered energies are measured by integrating the area under the pulses above the detection threshold. The ratio of returned/transmitted pulse energy represents a measure of surface reflectance at the laser wavelength. The LOLA instrument was designed to measure pulse energy with the primary aim of being able to detect the presence of surface ice at small areal density. It also provides a high spatial resolution measurement of surface reflectance at a single wavelength and, in addition, is important in making corrections to LOLA’s measurements for pulse width and time walk. While the instrument lacks a source with known brightness in flight, the reflectance measurement was calibrated through pre-launch testing, and from experience gained on the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter at Mars indicating the measurement to be extremely stable. While observations in the commissioning orbit are not precise enough to attempt to detect polar ice due to the changing altitude of the spacecraft, local surface reflectance measurements are apparent and are being investigated more fully with observations from the mapping orbit.

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