Physics – Nuclear Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1988
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1988nuphb.310..636g&link_type=abstract
Nuclear Physics B, Volume 310, Issue 3-4, p. 636-642.
Physics
Nuclear Physics
25
Scientific paper
The probability of a universe being ``created from nothing'' is presumably governed, at least in part, by the total entropy of such a universe. This paper contains a discussion of the entropy of the matter content of universe born in a momentarily static state. One finds the following: for fixed positive cosmological constant Λ the total mass M of an inhomogeneous pressure-free conformally flat closed universe, admitting a time-symmetric Cauchy surface of volume V, is bounded below by M>=(27/128πV)1/3 - ΛV/8π, while, in the neighbourhood of the unique stationary point, Einstein's static universe (E.S.U.), it is bounded below by M>=1/2π(1/Λ)1/2, for those variations which preserve the volume. The total entropy S is bounded above by S<=Vs(M/V), where s(ϱ) is the entropy density considered as a function of energy density. If the sound speed exceeds 5-1/2 then locally near E.S.U. S<=2π2(1/Λ)3/2s(Λ/4π). Finally if the volume is held fixed but the cosmological constant vanishes, the entropy will have a saddle point at the homogeneous extremum.
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